1. Incamake yuburyo bwo gutandukanya Adsorption
Adsorption bivuze ko mugihe amazi (gaze cyangwa amazi) ahuye nibintu bikomeye, ikintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi mubice byamazi byimurirwa hejuru yinyuma yibintu byimbere hamwe nubuso bwimbere bwa micropore kugirango bikungahaze kuri ubu buso kugeza shiraho urwego rwa monomolecular cyangwa inzira ya multimolecules.
Amazi arimo kwitwa adsorbate, naho ibice bikomeye byitwa adsorbent.
Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwumubiri nubumara bwa adsorbate hamwe na adsorbent, ubushobozi bwa adsorption ya adsorbent kumatangazo atandukanye nayo aratandukanye.Hamwe noguhitamo kwinshi kwa adsorption, ibice bigize icyiciro cya adsorption hamwe nicyiciro cyo gukuramo birashobora gukungahazwa, kugirango tumenye gutandukanya ibintu.
2. Gahunda ya Adsorption / desorption
Inzira ya Adsorption: Irashobora gufatwa nkinzira yo kwibanda cyangwa inzira yo gutemba.Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe buke nubushyuhe bwinshi, nubushobozi bwa adsorption.Kuri adsorbents zose, imyuka yoroshye cyane (hejuru yo gutekesha) imyuka yamamajwe cyane, hamwe na gaze nkeya (aho zitetse) imyuka yamamaza hepfo.
Inzira ya Desorption: Irashobora gufatwa nkinzira ya gaze cyangwa guhindagurika.Kubwibyo, uko ubushyuhe buri hejuru nigabanuka ryumuvuduko, niko byuzuye desorption.Kuri sorbents zose, imyuka myinshi ya lisukiya (hejuru yo gutekesha) imyuka ntishobora kuba desorb, kandi imyuka mike idasukuye (hepfo yo gutekesha) imyuka iroroshye.
3. Ihame ryo gutandukanya adsorption no gutondekanya
Adsorption igabanijwemo umubiri wa adsorption hamwe na chimique adsorption.
Ihame ryo gutandukanya umubiri wa adsorption: Gutandukana kugerwaho hifashishijwe itandukaniro ryingufu za adsorption (imbaraga za der der Waals, imbaraga za electrostatike) hagati ya atome cyangwa amatsinda hejuru yubutaka na molekile zamahanga.Ubunini bwimbaraga za adsorption zifitanye isano nimiterere ya adsorbent na adsorbate.
Ihame ryo gutandukanya imiti ya adsorption ishingiye kubikorwa bya adsorption aho reaction ya chimique iboneka hejuru ya adsorbent ikomeye kugirango ihuze adsorbate na adsorbent hamwe na chimique, bityo guhitamo birakomeye.Chemisorption muri rusange iratinda, irashobora gukora monolayeri gusa kandi ntishobora kugaruka.
4. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa Adsorbent
Amatangazo asanzwe arimo: amashanyarazi ya molekile, karubone ikora, gelika silika, na alumina ikora.
Icyuma cya molekulari: Ifite imiyoboro isanzwe ya microporome, ifite ubuso bwihariye bwa 500-1000m² / g, cyane cyane micropore, kandi ikwirakwizwa rya pore riri hagati ya 0.4-1nm.Ibiranga adsorption biranga molekile irashobora guhinduka muguhindura imiterere ya molekile ya elegitoronike, ibigize nubwoko bwa compte cations.Amashanyarazi ya molekuline ahanini yishingikiriza kumiterere ya pore iranga hamwe na Coulomb imbaraga zumurima hagati ya cation iringaniye hamwe na molekile ya elegitoronike kugirango itange adsorption.Bafite ubushyuhe bwiza na hydrothermal kandi bikoreshwa cyane mugutandukanya no kweza gaze zitandukanye nibice byamazi.Amatangazo ya adsorbent afite ibiranga guhitamo gukomeye, ubujyakuzimu bwa adsorption nubushobozi bunini bwa adsorption iyo bukoreshejwe;
Carbone ikora: Ifite micropore ikungahaye hamwe na mesopore, ubuso bwihariye bugera kuri 500-1000m² / g, kandi gukwirakwiza ingano ya pore biri hagati ya 2-50nm.Carbone ikora cyane cyane ishingiye ku mbaraga za van der Waals zakozwe na adsorbate kugirango zitange adsorption, kandi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kwinjiza ibinyabuzima kama, hydrocarubone iremereye y’ibinyabuzima adsorption no kuyikuraho, deodorant, nibindi.;
Silika gel: Ubuso bwihariye bwa silika gel bushingiye kuri adsorbents ni 300-500m² / g, cyane cyane mesoporous, hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingano ya pore ikwirakwizwa na 2-50nm, kandi ubuso bwimbere bwimyenge ikungahaye kumatsinda ya hydroxyl.Ikoreshwa cyane mukumisha adsorption hamwe nigitutu cya swing adsorption kugirango itange CO₂, nibindi.;
Gukora alumina ikora: Ubuso bwihariye ni 200-500m² / g, cyane cyane mesopores, naho gukwirakwiza pore ni 2-50nm.Ikoreshwa cyane mukumisha no kubura umwuma, gusukura imyanda ya aside, nibindi.
