Nkuko twese tubizi, kimwe cya kabiri cyingufu zisi zitakara kubera amakimbirane atandukanye, naho 70% -80% byangiritse kumashini nibikoresho kwisi biterwa no guterana amagambo.Kubwibyo, amateka yiterambere ryimashini zacu zabantu nabwo ni amateka yurugamba rwacu rwabantu hamwe no guterana amagambo.Tumaze imyaka myinshi, twe abantu twabaye murwego rwo gutsinda igihombo cyatewe no guterana ibikoresho bya mashini.Igiciro kiremereye cyane cyarishyuwe, nubwo hari ibyagezweho kugirango hagabanuke igihombo cyatewe no guterana amagambo, ariko nta gisubizo nyacyo cyikibazo cyo guterana cyabonetse mubijyanye na tribologiya.Gutakaza ingufu nubutunzi byazanwe no guterana amagambo kuri twe abantu biracyari binini.Ingaruka zamavuta yo gusiga ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu akenshi birengagizwa.Ibice byose byibikoresho byose bigenda bisimburana mugihe cyo gukora.Uruhare rwamavuta yo gusiga ni ukwirinda guterana byumye hagati yibice.Ubuvanganzo ntabwo butera ibikoresho kwambara gusa, ahubwo binatera guterana imbaraga.Niba nta mavuta yo kwisiga, ibikoresho ntibizashira gusa, ahubwo nuburwanya buterwa no guterana bizatwara ingufu nyinshi zo gukora.
Ipfundo ryikibazo ni: Akenshi twirengagiza gusiga ibikoresho, ndetse ntituzi no gukoresha amavuta amavuta neza, kandi ntituzi isano iri hagati yo kuzigama ingufu.
1. Isano iri hagati yo gusiga no kuzigama ingufu:
Hasi, dukoresha amahame yoroshye yumubiri kugirango twumve uruhare rwamavuta yo kubungabunga ingufu.Iyo dukoresheje lisansi ningufu zamashanyarazi kugirango dutware ibinyabiziga cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byinganda, duhindura lisansi ningufu zamashanyarazi mumbaraga za kinetic yibikoresho.Niba lisansi ningufu zamashanyarazi bihinduwe 100% mumbaraga za kinetic, nuburyo bwiza cyane, ariko ntibishoboka mubyukuri, kuko hariho guterana amagambo, kandi igice cyingufu zikabura kubwo guterana amagambo.Iyo ukora, ingufu E zikoreshwa nibikoresho zigabanyijemo ibice bibiri:
E = W (k) + W. = f * S. , imbaraga nyinshi zo guterana, hamwe ningufu nyinshi zitsinda ubushyamirane, hamwe na coefficient de friction ifitanye isano nubukonje bwubuso.Binyuze mu gusiga amavuta, coefficient de friction yo guhuza hejuru iragabanuka, bityo bikagira uruhare mukugabanya ubushyamirane no kuzigama ingufu.
Mu myaka ya za 1960, Raporo ya Jost yo mu Bwongereza yakoze ibarwa.Ku bihugu byinshi, hafi 10% y’ibicuruzwa rusange by’igihugu (GNP) byakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutsinda ubushyamirane, kandi ibikoresho byinshi byarananiranye cyangwa biraseswa kubera kwambara no kurira..Raporo ya Jost yakoze kandi igereranya ko 1,3% ~ 1,6% ya GNP ishobora gukizwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwa siyanse ya tribologiya, kandi gukoresha siyanse ya tribologiya mubyukuri harimo no gukoresha amavuta akwiye.
2. Isano iri hagati yo guhitamo amavuta no kuzigama ingufu:
Ikigaragara ni uko amavuta yo gusiga ashobora kugabanya ubukana bwubuso bwo guterana, ariko amavuta yo gusiga nigicuruzwa cyimiti kirimo ibintu bigoye.Reka turebere hamwe ibigize amavuta yo gusiga: Amavuta yo gusiga: amavuta shingiro + inyongeramusaruro Amavuta: amavuta shingiro + umubyimba + wongeyeho
Muri byo, amavuta shingiro arashobora kugabanywa mumavuta yubutare namavuta yubukorikori, naho amavuta yubutaka agabanijwemo amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa API I, amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa API II, amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa API III.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwamavuta yubukorikori, ibisanzwe ni PAO / SHC, GTL, PIB, PAG, amavuta ya ester (amavuta ya mazutu, amavuta ya polyester POE), amavuta ya silicone, PFPE.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwinyongera, gufata amavuta ya moteri nkurugero, harimo ibikoresho byo kwisiga no gutatanya, imiti igabanya ubukana, antioxydants, imiti igabanya ubukana, indangagaciro ya viscosity, imiti igabanya ubukana, nibindi, kandi nababikora batandukanye bafite ubwoko butandukanye bwubwoko butandukanye. inyongera.Bitandukanye, nkibipimo byerekana ububobere, hari ubwoko bwinshi.Birashobora kugaragara ko amavuta yo gusiga atari byoroshye nkuko tubitekereza.Bitewe nibigize imiti igoye, ikinyuranyo mubigize hamwe nubuhanga bwo gukora bizatera itandukaniro mumikorere yamavuta yo gusiga.Kubwibyo, ubwiza bwamavuta yo gusiga buratandukanye, kandi ntibihagije gukoreshwa bisanzwe.Tugomba guhitamo nijisho rinenga.Amavuta yo kwisiga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ntashobora kurwanya gusa kwambara no gukumira ibikoresho kwambara, ariko kandi bifasha kuzigama ingufu kurwego runaka.
3. Amavuta yo kwisiga angana na 1% ~ 3% yikoreshwa ryibikoresho byose!
Ishoramari mu gusiga amavuta ni hafi 1% ~ 3% yishoramari ryose mukubungabunga.Ingaruka zibi 1% ~ 3% zifitanye isano nibintu byinshi: ubuzima bwigihe kirekire bwibikorwa byibikoresho, igipimo cyatsinzwe, igipimo cyatsinzwe kigira ingaruka kumasaha yumusaruro no gutanga umusaruro, hamwe nigiciro cyo kubungabunga, gukoresha ingufu, nibindi. Ibibazo byo gusiga ntabwo bitera kwangiza gusa ibice, ariko kandi byongere ikiguzi cyabakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga.Byongeye kandi, guhagarika biterwa no kunanirwa, kunanirwa ibikoresho, hamwe nigikorwa kidahinduka bizatera igihombo cyibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa.Kubwibyo, gushora imari muri 1% birashobora gufasha ibigo kuzigama ibiciro bijyanye numusaruro.Ibindi bikoreshwa mubikoresho, abakozi, gukoresha ingufu, amafaranga yo kubungabunga nibikoresho.
Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane iterambere rya nanotehnologiya, twe abantu twabonye uburyo bushya nuburyo bwo gutsinda amakimbirane no kugabanya igihombo cyatewe no guterana amagambo.Byagerwaho mugukoresha nanotehnologiya murwego rwo guterana amagambo.Muburyo bwo kwikiza hejuru yicyuma cyambaye ukoresheje nanotehnologiya.Ubuso bwicyuma ni nanometero, bityo bikazamura imbaraga, ubukana, ubukana bwubuso, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma, no kugera kuntego yo kugabanya ubushyamirane buri hagati yicyuma kugeza byibuze.kubwibyo.Yageze kandi ku ntego yabantu bacu guharanira ingufu, umutungo, kurengera ibidukikije, ninyungu ziterwa no guterana amagambo.
Amavuta asanzwe yo guhumeka amavuta ni "amavuta meza" mugihe ataje hamwe na karubone mugihe cyo guhindura amavuta?Hatitawe ku kwambara no gukora ubushyuhe bukuru bwa moteri nyamukuru, ibyuma, hamwe na rotor yumugabo nigitsina gore, ubu hariho tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwohejuru yimodoka yinjizwamo amavuta yo kwisiga, bizana imbaraga zo kuzigama ingufu, gutuza, no kuramba mukirere compressor.Twese tuzi ko amavuta atandukanye akoreshwa mugutwara.Haracyariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yuburambe no gukoresha lisansi nubuzima bwa moteri!Imikorere ya compressor yamavuta yo kwisiga yirengagizwa nababikora benshi, abacuruzi, nabakoresha.Abakunzi bareba umunezero, kandi abahanga bareba umuryango.Kwinjiza tekinoroji yo gusiga amamodoka mugukoresha compressor zo mu kirere bifite iterambere rikurikira:
1. Mugabanye imikorere ikora, kubera ko imbaraga zo guteranya hamwe nogukomera kwicyuma cyamavuta yo kugabanuka bigabanuka, umuyoboro wogukoresha wa 22 kW compressor yumuyaga muri rusange wagabanutse kurenza 2A, uzigama 1KW kumasaha, namasaha 8000 yo guhindura amavuta cycle irashobora kuzigama ingufu za 8000KW;2, Hatuje, ibisanzwe bipakurura biracecetse cyane, kandi urusaku rwabakiriye ruri hasi murwego rwo gupakira.Impamvu nyamukuru nukwongeramo ibikoresho byongeweho hamwe na coeffisente yo hasi cyane, ituma imikorere ikora silike neza, kandi urusaku rwakira rushobora kunozwa cyane;3. Kugabanya jitter, ibikoresho byo kwikosora bituma urwego rw "umupira wa nano-diyama" na "firime ya nano-diyama" ruba hejuru yicyuma gikora, kizamara igihe kirekire;4. Gabanya ubushyuhe, kandi birasanzwe ko compressor yo mu kirere ihagarara ku bushyuhe bwinshi.Amavuta yo kwisiga cyane agabanya ubukana nubushyuhe, byongera ubushyuhe bwumuriro, Kugabanya ubushyuhe bukabije bwumuvuduko, ibyuma, na rotor yumugabo numugore;5. Ongera ubuzima bwamavuta yo gusiga.Usibye guhindagurika cyangwa ubuzima bwamavuta yo gusiga agaragaza kurwanya okiside, ikindi kintu cyingenzi nubushyuhe bwa meshing extrusion point.Ubushyuhe bw'ingingo bugabanuka kuva kuri 300 ° C kugeza kuri 150 ° C.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ni imwe mu mpamvu zitera kumeneka urunigi rw'amavuta ya molekile no gushiraho imyuka ya karubone muri sima);6. Ongera ubuzima bwa moteri nkuru.Ibikoresho, bikora urwego rwa nano-urwego rwuzuye rwa firime irinda hejuru yubutaka, kugirango hejuru yicyuma ntigikorane kandi ntigishobora kwambara, bityo bigatuma ubuzima bwa serivisi bwakirwa neza.
Ingufu zizigama zicecekeye zirwanya amavuta yo gusiga: uzigame amashanyarazi menshi kumasaha, kandi uyakira azamara imyaka myinshi!Kwita kubakiriya no gutanga serivisi zifite agaciro kanini!Banyarwandakazi, muracyatekereza ko amavuta yo gusiga yose ari amwe?