Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ingufu zikoreshwa ku isi zikoreshwa na moteri, bityo imikorere ya moteri ikitwa ingamba zifatika zo gukemura ibibazo by’ingufu ku isi.
Muri rusange, bivuze guhindura imbaraga zatewe numuyoboro utemba mumashanyarazi ya magneti mubikorwa byizunguruka, kandi muburyo bwagutse, harimo nibikorwa byumurongo.Ukurikije ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi atwarwa na moteri, irashobora kugabanywamo moteri ya DC na moteri ya AC.Ukurikije ihame ryo kuzunguruka moteri, irashobora kugabanywa mubice bikurikira.(usibye moteri idasanzwe)
Moteri ya AC AC Moteri yasunitswe: moteri ikoreshwa cyane yiswe moteri ya DC.Electrode yitwa "brush" (uruhande rwa stator) na "commutator" (uruhande rwa armature) bahuza bikurikiranye kugirango bahindure umuyaga, bityo bakore igikorwa cyo kuzunguruka.Moteri ya Brushless DC: Ntabwo ikenera guswera no kugenda, ariko ikoresha imirimo yo guhinduranya nka transistor kugirango ihindure ikigezweho no gukora kuzunguruka.Moteri ikomeza: Iyi moteri ikora hamwe nimbaraga za pulse, bityo nanone yitwa moteri ya pulse.Ikiranga ni uko ishobora kumenya byoroshye imikorere yimikorere neza.Moteri ya Asinchronous: Guhinduranya amashanyarazi bituma stator itanga umurima wa magneti uzunguruka, bigatuma rotor itanga ingufu zitera kandi ikazunguruka munsi yimikoranire yayo.Moteri ya AC (guhinduranya amashanyarazi) moteri ya sinhron: moteri ihinduranya ikora umurima wa magneti uzunguruka, na rotor hamwe na magnetiki pole irazunguruka kubera gukurura.Igipimo cyo kuzunguruka gihuzwa nimbaraga zumurongo.
Kuri ubu, imbaraga za magneti nimbaraga Imbaraga Mbere ya byose, kugirango tworohereze ibisobanuro bikurikira byihame rya moteri, reka dusubiremo amategeko / amategeko shingiro yerekeye ikigezweho, imbaraga za rukuruzi nimbaraga.Nubwo hariho kumva nostalgia, biroroshye kwibagirwa ubu bumenyi niba udakoresha ibikoresho bya magnetique kenshi.
Nigute moteri izunguruka?1) moteri irazunguruka hifashishijwe imbaraga za rukuruzi.Hafi ya rukuruzi ihoraho ifite uruziga ruzunguruka, ate kuzenguruka rukuruzi (kugirango habeho umurima wa rukuruzi uzunguruka), ② ukurikije ihame ryerekana ko inkingi zitandukanye za N pole na S pole zikurura kandi urwego rumwe rwanga, magn rukuruzi hamwe na a uruziga ruzunguruka.
Umuyoboro utemba mu nsinga utera kuzunguruka rukuruzi (imbaraga za rukuruzi) ruzengurutse, ku buryo rukuruzi izunguruka, mubyukuri ibikorwa bimwe nkibi.
Byongeye kandi, iyo insinga ikomerekejwe muri coil, imbaraga za rukuruzi zirahuzwa, zikora magnetiki nini nini (magnetiki flux), bikavamo N-pole na S-pole.Byongeye kandi, mugushyiramo icyuma cyuma mumashanyarazi ameze nka coil, imirongo yumurongo wa magneti iba yoroshye kunyuramo kandi irashobora kubyara imbaraga za rukuruzi.). 12Buri cyiciro gihinduka ukurikije umurongo wa sine, bityo polarite (N pole, S pole) ikorwa na buri coil hamwe numurima wa magneti (imbaraga za magneti) bizahinduka.Muri iki gihe, reba gusa ibibyimba bibyara N inkingi, hanyuma ubihindure ukurikije urutonde rwa U-fase → V-icyiciro coil → W-icyiciro coil → U-fayili, bityo irazunguruka.Imiterere ya moteri nto Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana imiterere rusange no kugereranya moteri ikandagira, moteri ya DC yogejwe na moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi.Ibice byingenzi bigize moteri ni coil, magnesi na rotor.Mubyongeyeho, bitewe nubwoko butandukanye, bagabanijwemo ubwoko bwa coil hamwe nubwoko bwa magneti.
Hano, magnet ya moteri ya brush ya DC yashyizwe hanze, kandi coil irazenguruka imbere.Brush na commutator bashinzwe gutanga ingufu kuri coil no guhindura icyerekezo kigezweho.Hano, coil ya moteri idafite brush yashizwe hanze kandi magneti azunguruka imbere.Bitewe nubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri, imiterere yabyo iratandukanye nubwo ibice byibanze ari bimwe.Bizasobanurwa birambuye muri buri gice.Moteri yasunitswe Imiterere ya moteri ya brush Ibikurikira nuburyo bugaragara bwa moteri ya DC yogejwe ikoreshwa kenshi muri moderi, hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyaturikiye cya moteri isanzwe ya pole ebyiri (magnesi ebyiri) moteri eshatu (ibiceri bitatu).Ahari abantu benshi bafite uburambe bwo gusenya moteri no gukuramo magneti.Birashobora kugaragara ko rukuruzi ihoraho ya moteri ya brush ya DC ikosowe, hamwe na coil ya moteri ya brush ya DC irashobora kuzenguruka hagati yimbere.Uruhande ruhamye rwitwa "stator" naho uruhande ruzunguruka rwitwa "rotor".
Guhinduranya ihame rya moteri ya brush ① Kuzenguruka amasaha avuye kuri reta yambere Coil A iri hejuru, ihuza amashanyarazi na brush, hanyuma ureke uruhande rwibumoso rube (+) naho uruhande rwiburyo rube (-).Umuyoboro munini utemba uva ibumoso ugana kuri coil A unyuze muri commutator.Nuburyo igice cyo hejuru (hanze) ya coil A gihinduka S pole.Kuva 1/2 cyumuyaga wa coil A itemba kuva kuri brush ibumoso kugirango igabanye B na coil C muburyo bunyuranye kugirango ifatanye A, impande zinyuma za coil B na coil C ziba intege N pole (zerekanwa ninyuguti ntoya muri ishusho).Umwanya wa magnetiki wabyaye muri coil hamwe no kwanga no gukurura magnesi bituma ingirabuzimafatizo zizunguruka ku isaha.② kuzenguruka amasaha yo kugaruka.Ibikurikira, hafatwa ko brush iburyo ihura nabagenzi babiri muri leta ko igiceri A kizunguruka ku isaha ya dogere 30.Umuyoboro wa coil A uhora utemba uva kuri brush ibumoso ugana kuri brush iburyo, naho uruhande rwinyuma rwa coil rugakomeza S pole.Umuyoboro umwe na coil A unyura muri coil B, naho hanze ya coil B ihinduka N-pole ikomeye.Kubera ko impera zombi za coil C zigufi-zizengurutswe na brux, ntamugezi uhari kandi nta murima wa magneti ubyara.Ndetse muriki gihe, bizakoreshwa nimbaraga zo kuzenguruka amasaha.Kuva kuri ③ kugeza ④, coil yo hejuru ikomeza kwakira imbaraga zigenda ibumoso, naho coil yo hepfo ikomeza kwakira imbaraga zigenda iburyo, kandi ikomeza kuzenguruka isaha.Iyo igiceri kizunguruka kuri ③ na ④ buri dogere 30, iyo coil iherereye hejuru ya horizontal hagati, uruhande rwinyuma rwa coil ruhinduka S pole;Iyo coil iherereye hepfo, ihinduka N pole, kandi uru rugendo rusubirwamo.Muyandi magambo, igiceri cyo hejuru gikorerwa inshuro nyinshi imbaraga zerekeza ibumoso, naho coil yo hepfo ikorerwa inshuro nyinshi imbaraga zigenda iburyo (byombi byerekeranye nisaha).Ibi bitera rotor guhora izenguruka isaha.Niba amashanyarazi ahujwe no kuruhande rwibumoso (-) na brush iburyo (+), umurima wa magneti ufite icyerekezo gitandukanye uzabyara muri coil, bityo icyerekezo cyingufu zikoreshwa kuri coil nacyo kinyuranye, gihindukirira isaha .Byongeye kandi, mugihe amashanyarazi adahagaritswe, rotor ya moteri ya brush izahagarika kuzunguruka kuko nta murima wa magneti ukomeza kuzunguruka.Ibyiciro bitatu byuzuye-byuzuye bruxless moteri Kugaragara nuburyo bwimiterere yibice bitatu byuzuye-byuzuye moteri idafite moteri
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imbere hamwe n'umuzunguruko uhwanye na coil ihuza ibyiciro bitatu byuzuye-umuyaga wuzuye utagira moteri Ibikurikira nigishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yimbere nigishushanyo mbonera cyumuzingi uhwanye na coil.Igishushanyo mbonera cyimbere ni urugero rworoshye rwa 2-pole (magnesi 2) moteri 3 (ibiceri 3).Irasa na moteri ya brush yubushakashatsi hamwe numubare umwe wibiti, ariko uruhande rwa coil rurakosowe kandi rukuruzi irashobora kuzunguruka.Birumvikana ko nta brush ihari.Muri iki kibazo, coil ikoresha uburyo bwa Y-ihuza, kandi igice cya semiconductor ikoreshwa mugutanga amashanyarazi kuri coil, kandi kwinjira no gusohoka kwumuyaga bigenzurwa ukurikije umwanya wa rukuruzi izunguruka.Muriyi ngero, ikintu cya Hall gikoreshwa mukumenya aho rukuruzi ihagaze.Ikintu cya Hall gitunganijwe hagati ya coil, kandi kimenya voltage yakozwe ukurikije imbaraga za magnetique kandi ikayikoresha nkamakuru yamakuru.Ku ishusho ya moteri ya FDD spindle yatanzwe mbere, birashobora kandi kugaragara ko hari ikintu cya Hall (hejuru ya coil) hagati ya coil na coil kugirango umenye umwanya.Ikintu cya salle nikimenyane kizwi cyane.Ubunini bwumurima wa magneti burashobora guhinduka mubunini bwa voltage, kandi icyerekezo cyumurima wa magneti gishobora kugaragazwa nibyiza nibibi.
Ihame ryo guhinduranya ibyiciro bitatu byuzuye-byuzuye moteri idafite moteri Ibikurikira, ihame ryo kuzunguruka rya moteri idafite moteri izasobanurwa ukurikije intambwe ① ~ ⑥.Kubyumva byoroshye, rukuruzi ihoraho yoroshye kuva muruziga kugeza kurukiramende hano.① Mu giceri cy'ibyiciro bitatu, reka igiceri 1 gikosorwe mu cyerekezo cya 12 cyisaha, coil 2 igashyirwa mucyerekezo cyamasaha 4 yisaha, naho coil 3 igashyirwa muri 8 icyerekezo cyisaha.Reka N pole ya magneti 2-pole ihoraho ibe ibumoso na S pole ibe iburyo, kandi irashobora kuzunguruka.Io igezweho yinjira muri coil 1 kugirango itange S-pole magnetique yumurima hanze ya coil.Umuyoboro wa Io / 2 uva muri coil 2 na coil 3 kugirango ubyare ingufu za N-pole magnetique hanze ya coil.Iyo imirima ya magneti ya coil 2 na coil 3 ihuriweho na vector, umurima wa magnetiki N-pole ubyara hepfo, ibyo bikaba bikubye inshuro 0,5 ubunini bwumurima wa magneti wabyaye iyo Io inyuze muri coil imwe, kandi iyo yongewe kuri magneti umurima wa coil 1, iba inshuro 1.5.Ibi bizabyara magnetique ikomatanya ifite inguni ya 90 ugereranije na magneti ahoraho, bityo urumuri ntarengwa rushobora kubyara kandi rukuruzi ihoraho ikazenguruka isaha.Iyo umuyoboro wa coil 2 ugabanutse kandi umuyonga wa coil 3 wiyongereye ukurikije umwanya wo kuzunguruka, umurima wa magnetiki wavuyemo nawo uzunguruka ku isaha, kandi rukuruzi ihoraho nayo ikomeza kuzunguruka.② Iyo izengurutswe na dogere 30, Io igezweho yinjira muri coil 1, kugirango umuyaga uri muri coil 2 ni zeru, naho Io iriho isohoka muri coil 3. Uruhande rwinyuma rwa coil 1 ruhinduka S pole, naho uruhande rwinyuma rwa coil 3 ruhinduka N pole.Iyo ibice byahujwe, umurima wa magneti wabyaye ni √3 (.71.72) inshuro zabyaye mugihe Io iriho inyuze muri coil.Ibi bizabyara kandi imbaraga za magneti ziva kumurongo wa 90 kubijyanye numurima wa rukuruzi wa rukuruzi ihoraho, kandi uzunguruka kumasaha.Iyo imiyoboro yinjira Io ya coil 1 igabanutse ukurikije umwanya wo kuzunguruka, umuyoboro winjira wa coil 2 wongerewe kuva kuri zeru, naho umuyaga usohoka wa coil 3 wongerewe kuri Io, umurima wa magneti nawo uzunguruka ku isaha, na rukuruzi ihoraho ikomeza kuzunguruka.Dufashe ko buri cyiciro kigezweho ari sinusoidal, agaciro kagezweho hano ni io × icyaha (π 3) = io × √ 32. Binyuze muri synthesis ya vector yumurima wa magneti, umurima wose wa magneti ni (√ 32) 2 × 2 = 1.5 inshuro 1.5 umurego wa magneti ukorwa na coil.※.Iyo buri cyiciro cyimyuka ari sine, aho yaba ari hose magneti ahoraho aherereye, ubunini bwikigereranyo cya vector compteur magnetique ni inshuro 1.5 yumurima wa magneti ukorwa na coil, kandi umurima wa magneti ukora inguni ya dogere 90 kubijyanye na umurima wa rukuruzi ya rukuruzi ihoraho.③ Muri reta yo gukomeza kuzunguruka kuri dogere 30, Io / 2 iriho ijya muri coil 1, Io / 2 iratemba muri coil 2, naho Io iva muri coil 3. Uruhande rwinyuma rwa coil 1 ruhinduka S pole , uruhande rwinyuma rwa coil 2 ruhinduka S pole, naho uruhande rwinyuma rwa coil 3 ruhinduka N pole.Iyo ibice byahujwe, umurima wa magneti wakozwe ni inshuro 1.5 zabyaye iyo Io igezweho inyuze muri coil (kimwe na ①).Hano, umurima wa magnetiki wubukorikori ufite inguni ya dogere 90 ugereranije numurima wa rukuruzi wa magneti uhoraho nabyo bizabyara kandi bizunguruka ku isaha.④ ～ ⑥ Kuzenguruka muburyo bumwe na ① ~ ③.Muri ubu buryo, niba ikigezweho gitemba muri coil gihora gihindagurika ukurikije umwanya wa rukuruzi ihoraho, rukuruzi ihoraho izunguruka mu cyerekezo cyagenwe.Mu buryo busa nabwo, niba ikigezweho gitemba mucyerekezo kinyuranye hamwe na magnetiki ya magnetiki yumurima ihinduwe, bizunguruka ku isaha.Igishushanyo gikurikira cyerekana ikigezweho cya buri coil muri buri ntambwe kuva ① kugeza ⑥.Binyuze mu ntangiriro yavuzwe haruguru, dukwiye gushobora gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yimpinduka nizunguruka.Intambwe ya moteri Intambwe ni ubwoko bwa moteri ishobora kugenzura inguni no kwihuta hamwe kandi neza hamwe na signal ya pulse.Moteri ikandagira kandi yitwa "pulse motor".Moteri ikandagira ikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bikenera umwanya kuko irashobora kumenya neza aho ihagaze binyuze gusa mugukingura-gufungura idakoresheje sensor ya posisiyo.Imiterere ya moteri ikandagira (bipolar ibyiciro bibiri) Mu ngero zigaragara, ibigaragara bya moteri ya HB (hybrid) na PM (magnet ihoraho) itangwa.Igishushanyo mbonera hagati cyerekana kandi imiterere ya HB na PM.Moteri ikomeza ni imiterere ifite igiceri gihamye kandi kizunguruka rukuruzi.Igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere yimbere ya moteri ikandagira iburyo ni urugero rwa moteri ya PM ukoresheje ibice bibiri (amatsinda abiri).Muburyo bwibanze urugero rwintambwe ya moteri, coil itunganijwe hanze kandi magneti ahoraho atunganijwe imbere.Usibye ibyiciro bibiri, hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa coil hamwe nibice bitatu nibice bitanu bingana.Moteri zimwe zikandagira zifite izindi nzego zitandukanye, ariko kugirango tumenye amahame yimirimo yabo, iyi mpapuro itanga imiterere yibanze ya moteri ikandagira.Binyuze muriyi ngingo, ndizera ko nzasobanukirwa ko moteri igenda ahanini ifata imiterere yo gutunganya coil hamwe no kuzunguruka kwa magneti bihoraho.Ihame ryibanze ryakazi ryo gukandagira moteri (kwishimisha icyiciro kimwe) Ibikurikira bikoreshwa mugutangiza ihame ryibanze ryakazi ryo gukandagira moteri.① Ibiriho bitemba biva kuruhande rwibumoso bwa coil 1 hanyuma ugasohokera kuruhande rwiburyo bwa coil 1. Ntukemere ko umuyaga unyura muri coil 2. Muri iki gihe, imbere muri coil ibumoso 1 ihinduka N, imbere imbere igiceri cyiburyo 1 gihinduka S .. Kubwibyo, hagati ya magneti yo hagati ihoraho ikururwa numurima wa magneti wa coil 1, hanyuma igahagarara muburyo bwibumoso S no kuruhande rwiburyo N .. ② Hagarika umuyaga muri coil 1, kugirango umuyoboro utemba uva kuruhande rwo hejuru rwa coil 2 hanyuma usohoke uva kuruhande rwo hepfo ya coil 2. Uruhande rwimbere rwigiceri cyo hejuru 2 ruhinduka N naho uruhande rwimbere rwigiceri cyo hasi 2 ruhinduka S .. Magnet ihoraho ikururwa numurima wa rukuruzi kandi ihagarika kuzunguruka 90 isaha.③ Hagarika umuyaga muri coil 2, kugirango umuyaga winjire uva kuruhande rwiburyo bwa coil 1 hanyuma usohoke uva kuruhande rwibumoso bwa coil 1. Imbere ya coil ibumoso 1 ihinduka S, naho imbere muri coil iburyo 1 ihinduka N .. Imashini ihoraho ikururwa numurima wa magneti, kandi ikazenguruka isaha kugirango izindi dogere 90 zihagarare.Hagarika umuyaga muri coil 1, kugirango umuyaga winjire uva kuruhande rwo hepfo ya coil 2 hanyuma usohoke uva kuruhande rwo hejuru rwa coil 2. Imbere ya coil yo hejuru 2 ihinduka S, imbere imbere coil yo hepfo 2 ihinduka N .. Magnet ihoraho ikururwa numurima wa magneti, kandi ikazenguruka isaha kugirango izindi dogere 90 zihagarare.Moteri ikandagira irashobora kuzunguruka muguhindura umuyaga unyura muri coil murutonde rwavuzwe haruguru kuva ① kugeza ④ unyuze kumurongo wa elegitoroniki.Muri uru rugero, buri gikorwa cyo guhinduranya kizunguruka moteri ikandagira kuri 90. Byongeye kandi, mugihe umuyaga uhora unyura muri coil runaka, irashobora gukomeza guhagarara kandi bigatuma moteri ikandagira ifite itara rifite.Nukuvugako, niba umuyaga unyura muri coil uhindutse, moteri yintambwe irashobora kuzunguruka muburyo bunyuranye.
