Nigute ushobora gukora sitasiyo ikora neza kandi ikiza ingufu?Hariho imanza
Ubushakashatsi ku gishushanyo mbonera cyiza kandi kizigama ingufu zo guhumeka ikirere.
Muri iki gihe cyo kongera ubumenyi ku bidukikije ku isi, uburyo bwo kugera ku buryo bunoze no kuzigama ingufu mu musaruro w’inganda byabaye ikibazo gikomeye cyugarije inganda nyinshi.Nkigice cyingirakamaro mu musaruro w’inganda, sitasiyo zo guhumanya ikirere zagenewe gukora neza no kuzigama ingufu, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku musaruro w’isosiyete no kurengera ibidukikije.Hashingiwe kuri ibi, iyi ngingo irasesengura igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingufu zikoresha kandi zikoresha ingufu zituruka ku ngingo zikurikira kugira ngo zerekanwe.
1. Hitamo ibikoresho byiza.
Ubwa mbere, compressor ikora neza irashobora gukoresha ingufu neza no kugabanya imyanda yingufu.Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo compressor, witondere urwego rukora neza.Kurugero, urashobora kugenzura ingufu zingirakamaro za compressor cyangwa ukabaza uwabitanze kugirango wumve imikorere yingufu zayo;urashobora kandi gutekereza gukoresha tekinoroji ihindagurika yihuta kugirango uhindure umuvuduko wimikorere ya compressor ukurikije ibikenewe kugirango urusheho kunoza imikorere yingufu.
Icyakabiri, compressor zitandukanye zirakwiriye kubikorwa bitandukanye.Kubwibyo, mugihe uhisemo compressor, urwego rwimikorere ya compressor rugomba gusuzumwa (kurugero, compressor yatoranijwe irashobora guhura nibyifuzo bya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere).Ibi birashobora gukorwa mugushyikirana nuwabitanze kugirango asobanukirwe nurwego rwakazi hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwa compressor kugirango harebwe niba ibikoresho bikwiye byatoranijwe.
Icya gatatu, sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere ikenera kuba ifite ibyuma byumye, muyungurura nibindi bikoresho byo gutunganya umwuka wafunzwe kugirango ukureho ubuhehere n’umwanda.Kubwibyo, mugihe uhitamo compressor, ugomba kandi gutekereza kubijyanye no guhuza ibikoresho bya compressor nyuma yo gutunganya (urugero, interineti nibipimo byibikoresho bigomba guhura) kugirango umenye imikorere ya sisitemu yose.
2. Hindura imiterere y'ibikoresho
Ubwa mbere, imiyoboro ikwiye irashobora kugabanya gutakaza umuvuduko wumwuka uhumeka mugihe cyo gutwara, bityo bikagabanya gukoresha ingufu.Kubwibyo, mugihe utegura sitasiyo ikora neza kandi izigama ingufu, icyerekezo nuburebure bwumuyoboro bigomba gutegurwa muburyo bushingiye kubikenerwa nyabyo nibikoresho hamwe nibibanza kugirango bigabanye igihombo kidakenewe.
Icya kabiri, inkokora nyinshi zizongera imbaraga zo guhangana n’umwuka uhumeka mu muyoboro, bikaviramo gutakaza ingufu.Kubwibyo, mugihe hateguwe sitasiyo ikora neza kandi ikiza ingufu zikoresha ingufu, gukoresha inkokora zumuyoboro bigomba kugabanywa kandi hagomba gufatwa ingamba zinkokora zigororotse cyangwa nini nini ya arc kugirango bigabanye kurwanya imiyoboro no kongera ingufu zingufu.
Icya gatatu, ibikoresho bifatika bishobora guhuza ibikorwa byubufatanye hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye no kunoza imikorere ya sitasiyo yose yo guhumeka ikirere.Kubwibyo, mugihe hateguwe sitasiyo ikora neza kandi ikiza ingufu za compressor de air, igitutu cyakazi, umuvuduko, ingufu nibindi bipimo byibikoresho bigomba gutekerezwa, kandi hagomba gutoranywa guhuza ibikoresho nibikorwa bihuye kugirango bigerweho neza.
3. Emera sisitemu yo kugenzura igezweho.
Ubwa mbere, porogaramu ishobora gukoreshwa (PLC) irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango igenzure byikora ibikoresho.PLC ni sisitemu yo kugenzura mudasobwa yabugenewe kubidukikije.Irashobora gutunganya ibimenyetso bitandukanye byinjira kandi igakora ibisohoka bijyanye na progaramu zateganijwe.Ukoresheje PLC, kugenzura neza ibikoresho bitandukanye muri sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere birashobora kugerwaho, bityo bikazamura imikorere nibikorwa byumutekano.
Icya kabiri, gukwirakwiza sisitemu yo kugenzura (DCS) irashobora gukoreshwa.DCS ni sisitemu ihuza abagenzuzi benshi nibikoresho byo gukurikirana.Irashobora gutahura imiyoborere hamwe no kugenzura sitasiyo zose zo guhumeka ikirere.Ukoresheje DCS, amakuru yimikorere ya buri bikoresho muri sitasiyo yindege irashobora gukurikiranwa no kwandikwa mugihe nyacyo, kugirango ibibazo bishobora kuvumburwa no gukemurwa mugihe gikwiye.Mubyongeyeho, DCS ifite kandi ibikorwa byo kugenzura no kugenzura kure, bishobora gucunga no kubungabunga sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'ahantu hose.
Icya gatatu, ubundi buryo bwo kugenzura bugezweho bushobora gutekerezwa, nkubwenge bwubuhanga (AI) na enterineti yibintu (IoT).Mugukoresha ubwo buryo bwikoranabuhanga mugucunga no gucunga sitasiyo zikoresha ikirere, urwego rwubwenge bwibikoresho rushobora kurushaho kunozwa kandi ibikorwa nyabyo kandi byiza birashobora kugerwaho.Kurugero, ukoresheje AI algorithms yo gusesengura no guhanura amakuru yimikorere yibikoresho, ibimenyetso byo kunanirwa ibikoresho birashobora kuvumburwa hakiri kare kandi harashobora gufatwa ingamba zijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije.Muri icyo gihe, muguhuza ibikoresho na interineti, kugenzura kure no gusuzuma amakosa nabyo birashobora kugerwaho, bigatezimbere cyane imikorere yo kubungabunga no kwihuta.
4. Witondere kubungabunga no gufata neza ibikoresho.
Ubwa mbere, imiterere yibikoresho irashobora gutezimbere kugirango byoroshye gusukura no kubungabunga.Kurugero, ibikoresho birashobora gutondekwa ahantu hashyizwe hamwe kugirango byorohereze imirimo yo gukora isuku no kuyitunganya.Mubyongeyeho, urashobora kandi gutekereza kumiterere yibikoresho byafunguye kugirango umwanya uri hagati yibikoresho waguke kandi byoroshye kubakoresha gukora imirimo yo kubungabunga no gukora isuku.
Icya kabiri, urashobora guhitamo ibice bivanwaho kandi bisimburwa kugirango ugabanye ingorane zo gufata neza ibikoresho no kubisimbuza.Muri ubu buryo, mugihe ibikoresho byananiranye cyangwa ibice bigomba gusimburwa, abashoramari barashobora gusenya vuba no gusimbuza ibice bijyanye bidakenewe gusanwa bigoye cyangwa gusimbuza ibikoresho byose.Ibi ntabwo bizamura gusa ibikoresho byo gufata neza ibikoresho, ahubwo binagabanya igihe cyo kubungabunga nigiciro.
Icya gatatu, ibikoresho bigomba kubungabungwa no kubungabungwa buri gihe.Ibi bikubiyemo kugenzura buri gihe imikorere yibikoresho, gusukura hejuru nimbere yibikoresho, no gusimbuza ibice bishaje cyangwa bishaje.Binyuze mu kubungabunga no kubungabunga buri gihe, ibibazo bishobora guterwa nibikoresho birashobora kuvumburwa no gukemurwa mugihe kugirango ibikorwa bisanzwe bikore neza.
Icya kane, abashoramari bagomba guhugurwa kugirango bongere ubumenyi nubumenyi bwabo mu kubungabunga ibikoresho no kubungabunga.Abakoresha bagomba gusobanukirwa n'amahame y'akazi n'ibisabwa byo kubungabunga ibikoresho, kandi bakamenya uburyo bwiza bwo kubungabunga.Muri icyo gihe, bagomba kandi guhora bitabira amahugurwa no kwiga bijyanye no gukomeza kunoza ubumenyi bwabo nubuhanga.
2. Gukora neza cyane kandi bizigama ingufu zo guhumeka ikirere
Uru rubanza rufata cyane cyane ibihingwa ngengabukungu bito n'ibiciriritse nk'urugero rwo gushushanya sitasiyo ikora neza kandi ikiza ingufu.Muri ibihingwa bito bito n'ibiciriritse, sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere nibikoresho byingirakamaro.Nyamara, igishushanyo mbonera cya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere kubihingwa bito n'ibiciriritse bikoresha imiti akenshi bikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi bikora neza, bikagabanya cyane inyungu zubukungu bwikigo.Birashobora kugaragara ko kubihingwa bito bito n'ibiciriritse, ni ngombwa cyane cyane gukora sitasiyo ikora neza kandi ikiza ingufu.None, nigute ibimera bito n'ibiciriritse bigomba gushushanya sitasiyo ikora neza kandi ikiza ingufu?Binyuze mu myaka myinshi yimyitozo, twabonye ko mugihe dushushanya sitasiyo ikora neza kandi ikiza ingufu zo guhumeka ikirere kumashanyarazi mato mato mato mato, dukeneye kwitondera intambwe zingenzi zikurikira:
1. Guhitamo ikibanza nigishushanyo mbonera cya sitasiyo.
Mugihe utegura sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere kubiti bito n'ibiciriritse byimiti, guhitamo ikibanza hamwe nimiterere ya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere ni ibintu bibiri byingenzi bisaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe.Ibisobanuro ni ibi bikurikira:
Mbere ya byose, aho sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere igomba kuba yegeranye hashoboka n’ikigo gishinzwe imizigo, gishobora kugabanya neza intera yo gutwara gaze no kwirinda ikibazo cy’igabanuka ry’ubwiza bwa gaze buterwa no gutwara intera ndende.Mugutegura sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere hafi yikigo gishinzwe imizigo, ubwiza bwa gaze hamwe n’itangwa ry’ibicuruzwa birashobora kugerwaho, bityo bikazamura umusaruro n’ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa.
Icya kabiri, urebye ko imikorere ya sitasiyo yo mu kirere isaba inkunga yindi mishinga ifasha rubanda, nko kuzenguruka amazi n’amashanyarazi, birakenewe ko harebwa niba aho sitasiyo ikwirakwiza ikirere ifite amazi yizewe kandi atanga amashanyarazi mugihe guhitamo urubuga.Kuzenguruka amazi birakenewe kugirango imikorere isanzwe ya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere.Ikoreshwa mugukonjesha no gusiga ibikoresho nka compressor de air kugirango barebe imikorere yabo isanzwe kandi bongere ubuzima bwabo.Amashanyarazi niyo soko yingufu zo gukora sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere.Amashanyarazi agomba kuba ahamye kandi yizewe kugirango yirinde guhagarika umusaruro no kwangiza ibikoresho biterwa no kunanirwa kw'amashanyarazi.
Hanyuma, muguhitamo no gutunganya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere, kurengera ibidukikije nimpamvu zumutekano nabyo bigomba kwitabwaho.Sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere ubusanzwe itanga umwanda nk'urusaku, kunyeganyega, na gaze ya gaze, bityo bigomba kuba kure y’ahantu hatuwe ndetse n’ibidukikije byoroshye kugira ngo bigabanye ingaruka ku bidukikije no ku bantu.Muri icyo gihe kandi, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikwiye, nko gushyiraho inkuta zidafite amajwi, gushyiraho ibikoresho bikurura ihungabana ndetse n’ibikoresho bitunganya gaze, kugira ngo urusaku, ibinyeganyega hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kurengera ibidukikije n’ubuzima bw’abakozi.
Muri make, mugihe hateguwe sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere kubihingwa bito bito n'ibiciriritse biciriritse, binyuze muguhitamo neza hamwe nimiterere, imikorere hamwe nibikorwa bihamye bya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere birashobora gukemurwa, umusaruro ukorwa hamwe nubwiza bwibicuruzwa birashobora kunozwa, nibidukikije n'umutekano w'abakozi urashobora kurindwa..
2. Guhitamo ibikoresho.
Sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere ni ibikoresho byingirakamaro mu bimera bito n'ibiciriritse.Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni ugutanga umwuka uhumeka hamwe nibikoresho byinganda.Ukurikije umusaruro ukenewe, sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere irashobora gukomeza kubyara azote.Kubwibyo, guhitamo ikirere gikwiye, icyuma, akayunguruzo nibindi bikoresho nibyingenzi kugirango umusaruro ugere neza.
Mbere ya byose, mugihe uhitamo compressor de air, birasabwa guhitamo screw cyangwa centrifugal air compressor.Ubu bwoko bubiri bwo guhumeka ikirere bukora neza kandi bukabika ingufu, kandi burashobora guhita buhindura imikorere yabyo ukurikije ibikenewe kugirango habeho itangwa ryimyuka ihumeka.Byongeye kandi, compressor zo mu kirere hamwe na centrifugal zifite ibyiza byurusaku ruke hamwe no kunyeganyega gake, bishobora gukora ahantu heza ho gukorera muruganda.
Icya kabiri, mugihe uhisemo icyuma, birasabwa guhitamo icyuma cya adsorption.Amashanyarazi ya Adsorption akoresha adsorbents kuri adsorb yubushyuhe bwo mu kirere cyugarije kugirango agere ku ntego zo kumisha.Ubu buryo bwo kumisha ntibushobora gukuraho neza ubuhehere gusa, ariko kandi bugabanya amavuta n’umwanda mu kirere no kuzamura ubwiza bw’ikirere.Mubyongeyeho, icyuma cya adsorption nacyo gifite ibyiza byo gukora byoroshye no kubungabunga byoroshye, kandi birashobora guhaza umusaruro ukenewe ninganda zitandukanye.
Hanyuma, mugihe cyo kuyungurura, turasaba guhitamo kwiyuhagira ikirere.Akayunguruzo ko guhumeka kwifashisha tekinoroji yambere yo kwisukura kugirango ihite ikuraho umukungugu n’umwanda kuyungurura mugihe cyo kuyungurura, bityo bikomeze gushikama kwingaruka zo kuyungurura.Akayunguruzo kandi gafite ibyiza byubuzima bwa serivisi ndende hamwe nigiciro gito cyo kubungabunga, gishobora kuzigama uruganda amafaranga menshi yo gukora.
Muri make, mugihe uhitamo ibikoresho bya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere mumashanyarazi mato mato mato mato, hagomba gutekerezwa byimazeyo hashingiwe kubikorwa bikenerwa n’uruganda, nko gukoresha neza ibikoresho, gukoresha ingufu, urusaku, kunyeganyega , amafaranga yo kubungabunga, nibindi, kugirango uhitemo ibikoresho bikwiye.Igikoresho gikwiye cyane.Gusa muri ubu buryo turashobora kwemeza imikorere ihamye ya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere kandi tugatanga garanti ikomeye kumusaruro wuruganda.
3.Ibishushanyo mbonera.
Mugihe utegura imiyoboro ya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere mumashanyarazi mato mato mato mato, hagomba gutekerezwa cyane, kuburyo bukurikira:
Ubwa mbere, uburebure bw'umuyoboro ni ngombwa kwitabwaho.Ukurikije ibikenewe nimbogamizi zumwanya, uburebure bwumuyoboro bugomba kwiyemeza gutwara umwuka uva muri compressor ukagera kubintu bitandukanye byo gukoresha.Guhitamo uburebure bw'imiyoboro bigomba kuzirikana ingaruka zo gutakaza umuvuduko n'umuvuduko wa gazi kugirango harebwe ko gaze ishobora kugenda neza.
Icya kabiri, diameter ya pipe nayo nimwe mubintu byingenzi mugushushanya imiyoboro.Guhitamo diameter ya pipe bigomba kugenwa hashingiwe kumyuka ya gaze nibisabwa.Umuyoboro munini wa diameter urashobora gutanga umuyoboro munini wa gazi, kugabanya igihombo cya gaze, no kunoza gazi.Nyamara, diameter nini cyane ya diametre irashobora gutuma ibiciro byiyongera hamwe ningorane zo kwishyiriraho, bityo bigasaba ubucuruzi hagati yimikorere nubukungu.
Hanyuma, ibikoresho byumuyoboro nabyo ni kimwe mubintu byingenzi tugomba gusuzuma.Ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite ibintu bitandukanye nko kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya kwambara, no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ukurikije imiterere ya gaze nibidukikije bikoreshwa.Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo imiyoboro idafite ibyuma, umuringa, aluminium, nibindi. Buri kintu gifite uburyo bwacyo bwo gukoresha, ibyiza nibibi, kandi bigomba guhitamo ukurikije ibihe byihariye.
Usibye ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, igishushanyo mbonera gikeneye no gusuzuma ibindi bisobanuro.Kurugero, uburyo bwo guhuza no gufunga imikorere yimiyoboro bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumugezi nubwiza bwa gaze.Uburyo bukwiye bwo guhuza hamwe nuburyo bwizewe bwo gufunga birashobora gukumira neza imyuka ya gazi no kwanduza no kwemeza ko ubwiza bwa gaze bujuje ibisabwa.
Muri make, mugihe hateguwe sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere kubihingwa bito bito n'ibiciriritse, hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera no guhitamo, uburyo bwo kohereza gazi burashobora kunozwa neza, gukoresha ingufu bikagabanuka, kandi imikorere yumutekano kandi ihamye yibikorwa byakozwe.
4. Igishushanyo mbonera.
Mugihe utegura uburyo bwo guhumeka sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere mumashanyarazi mato mato mato mato, hagomba gusuzumwa ibintu byose, nkibi bikurikira:
Mbere ya byose, birakenewe guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo guhumeka bushingiye kumiterere yubushyuhe bwa sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere no kubara neza ingano yubuhumekero bwa sitasiyo yo guhumeka.Imyitozo isanzwe nugushiraho ikirere (louvers) munsi yurukuta rwinyuma rwicyumba cyo guhumeka ikirere.Umubare nubuso bwabakundana bigomba kubarwa no kugenwa hashingiwe kubushobozi bwinyubako ya sitasiyo.Kugirango wirinde kugwa imvura, intera iri hagati yimpumyi nubutaka bwo hanze igomba kuba irenze cyangwa ingana na 300mm.Byongeye kandi, icyerekezo cyimpumyi kigomba kuba kuruhande rwigicucu niba bishoboka, kandi ukirinda kuba utandukanye numwuka uhumeka.
Icya kabiri, sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere munganda ntoya nini nini nini nini ntoya, kandi ibyinshi mubyakozwe mubyiciro bya D na E. Kubwibyo rero, muburyo bw'uruganda, igishushanyo mbonera cya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere kigomba kuba bikurikije rwose ibisabwa kugirango dufatanye kubaka nindi mishinga ifasha inganda.Muri icyo gihe, ingaruka zo guhumeka bisanzwe no gucana kuri sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere igomba kwirindwa.
Hanyuma, usibye kubintu byavuzwe haruguru, birakenewe no kwifashisha ibishushanyo mbonera bijyanye.Kurugero, GB 50029-2014 "Kode yo Kuringaniza Ikibuga cyindege" ikoreshwa muburyo bushya bwo kubaka, kwiyubaka no kwagura ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi ya piston ikoreshwa na moteri, compressor de diafragm, compressor air compressors hamwe na compressor de centrifugal hamwe nigitutu cyakazi ≤42MPa.Igishushanyo cya sitasiyo yindege hamwe nuyoboro woguhumeka.Muri make, uburyo bwiza bwo guhumeka burashobora kwemeza imikorere isanzwe n'umutekano bya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere.
5. Gucunga ibikorwa.
Imicungire yimikorere ya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere munganda ntoya nini nini nini ninganda zingenzi kugirango habeho umutekano, uhamye kandi neza.Dore bimwe mu bitekerezo:
.Kubisanwa bikomeye bisaba igihe kirekire, gahunda zirambuye zigomba gukorwa kandi zigashyirwa mubikorwa.
.Ibi ntibishobora gusa kurinda umutekano wibikoresho byo guhumeka ikirere, ariko kandi birashobora kugabanya ingufu zikoreshwa na sitasiyo ya lisansi, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga, no kunoza imikorere.
.Izi tekinoroji zirashobora kwiyigisha kwigira sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu kandi igatanga ibipimo ngenderwaho bikwiranye no kugenzura ubwenge bwimbitse.
.Sisitemu irashobora kandi guhanura no gusuzuma ingamba zo kuzigama ingufu kugirango itange inkunga ifata ibyemezo byo guhangana ningufu zibungabunga ibigo.
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Muri make, imicungire yimikorere ya sitasiyo yo guhumeka ikirere mumashanyarazi mato mato mato mato ntagomba gusa kwita kubikorwa bisanzwe no gufata neza ibikoresho, ahubwo akeneye no guhuza tekinoloji nuburyo bugezweho kugirango bigerweho neza, umutekano kandi ibikorwa byo kuzigama ingufu za sitasiyo zo guhumeka ikirere.
Muri make, igishushanyo mbonera cya compressor de stasiyo yinganda ntoya ninganda ntoya ntigomba gutekereza gusa kubijyanye no gutoranya ibibanza no gushushanya imiterere ya sitasiyo, ahubwo igomba no gutekereza byimazeyo guhitamo ibikoresho, gushushanya imiyoboro, gushushanya umwuka no gucunga imikorere kugirango bigerweho neza., kuzigama ingufu n'umutekano.