14 Kirazira yo gushiraho indangagaciro
Taboo 1
Ikizamini cyamazi cyamazi kizakorwa mubushuhe bubi mukubaka imbeho.Ingaruka: Kubera ko umuyoboro uhagarara vuba mugihe cyo gupima amazi, umuyoboro urakonja.Ingamba: Gerageza gukora ikizamini cyumuvuduko wamazi mbere yubukonje, hanyuma uhanagure amazi nyuma yikizamini cyumuvuduko, cyane cyane amazi yo muri valve agomba gukurwaho, bitabaye ibyo valve ikonja ikavunika.Mugihe ikizamini cyumuvuduko wamazi kigomba gukorwa mugihe cyitumba, kigomba gukorwa mubushyuhe bwiza bwo murugo, kandi amazi agomba guhumeka neza nyuma yikizamini cyumuvuduko.Mugihe ikizamini cyumuvuduko wamazi kidashobora gukorwa, umwuka wugarijwe urashobora gukoreshwa mugupimisha.
Taboo II
Sisitemu y'imiyoboro ntabwo yogejwe neza mbere yuko irangira, kandi umuvuduko n'umuvuduko ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa byo koza imiyoboro.Ndetse ikizamini cyumuvuduko wamazi gikoreshwa mugukuramo amazi aho gutemba.Ingaruka: Ubwiza bw’amazi ntibushobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango imikorere yimiyoboro ikorwe, akenshi biganisha ku kugabanuka cyangwa guhagarika igice cyumuyoboro.Ingero: Fata hamwe nigipimo ntarengwa cyo gutembera muri sisitemu cyangwa umuvuduko wamazi utari munsi ya 3m / s .. Bizafatwa nkibisabwa niba ibara nubucyo bwamazi yasohotse bihuye nibara nubucyo bwinjira. amazi mu buryo bugaragara.
Imiyoboro y'amazi, amazi y'imvura hamwe n'umuyoboro wa kondensate bizahishwa nta kizamini cyo gufunga amazi.Ingaruka: Irashobora gutera amazi no gutakaza kubakoresha.Ingamba: Ikizamini cy’amazi gifunze kigomba kugenzurwa no kwemerwa hakurikijwe ibisobanuro.Gushyingura mu kuzimu, igisenge, icyumba cy'imiyoboro hamwe n’indi myanda ihishe, amazi yimvura, imiyoboro ya kondensate, nibindi bigomba gukurikiranwa.
Taboo 4 Mugihe cyo gupima ingufu za hydraulic no kugerageza kumiyoboro ya sisitemu, gusa hagaragara ihinduka ryagaciro k umuvuduko nurwego rwamazi, kandi kugenzura kumeneka ntibihagije.Ingaruka: Sisitemu y'imiyoboro isohoka nyuma yo gukora, bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze isanzwe.Ingamba: Iyo sisitemu y'imiyoboro igeragejwe ukurikije ibisabwa n'ibishushanyo mbonera, usibye kwandika agaciro k'umuvuduko cyangwa ihinduka ry'amazi mugihe cyagenwe, birakenewe cyane cyane kugenzura neza niba hari ikibazo cyo kumeneka.Taboo 5 Ibisanzwe bya valve flanges ya kinyugunyugu.Ingaruka: Ingano yikinyugunyugu kinyugunyugu itandukanye niy'ibisanzwe bisanzwe bya flave, kandi flanges zimwe zifite diameter ntoya y'imbere, mugihe disiki ya kinyugunyugu nini nini, bikaviramo kunanirwa gufungura cyangwa gufungura bikomeye, bityo bikangiza valve.Ingero: flange igomba gutunganywa ukurikije ubunini nyabwo bwa kinyugunyugu.Hano nta mwobo wabitswe hamwe n'ibice byashyizwemo mu iyubakwa ry'inyubako, cyangwa ibyobo byabitswe ni bito cyane mu bunini kandi ibice byashyizwemo ntabwo byashyizweho ikimenyetso.Ingaruka: Mugihe cyo kubaka umushinga wo gushyushya no gukora isuku, inyubako yubatswe iracibwa, ndetse n’akabari kongerewe imbaraga karacibwa, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka kumikorere yinyubako.Ingamba: Menya neza igishushanyo mbonera cyubwubatsi bwumushinga wo gushyushya no gusukura witonze, kandi ufatanye cyane mukubaka inyubako zubaka kugirango zivemo ibyobo hamwe nibice byashyizwemo ukurikije ibyifuzo byo gushyiramo imiyoboro hamwe ninkunga hamwe na hanger, hitawe cyane cyane kubishushanyo mbonera n'ibisobanuro byubwubatsi.Taboo 7 Iyo gusudira imiyoboro, ingingo zidahwitse zimiyoboro ntiziri kumurongo wo hagati nyuma yigitereko, ntizisigare icyuho kibuno, kandi imiyoboro ikikijwe nurukuta ntiruzunguruka, kuburyo ubugari nuburebure bwa weld bidahuye ibisabwa mubisobanuro byubwubatsi.Ingaruka: Gusiba imiyoboro ntabwo biri mumurongo wo hagati, bigira ingaruka zitaziguye kumiterere yo gusudira hamwe nubwiza bugaragara.Nta cyuho gisigaye mu kibuno, umuyoboro wuzuye uruzitiro ntusunika igikoni, kandi gusudira ntibishobora kuzuza imbaraga zisabwa mugihe ubugari n'uburebure bwa weld bitujuje ibisabwa.Ingero: Nyuma yo gusudira ikibuno cyimiyoboro, imiyoboro ntigomba kunyeganyega, kandi igomba kuba kumurongo wo hagati, hasigara icyuho gisigaye mukibuno.Imiyoboro ikikijwe cyane igomba gutondekwa, n'ubugari n'uburebure bwa weld bigomba gusudira hakurikijwe ibisabwa.
Taboo 8 Umuyoboro ushyinguwe mu butaka bwakonje ndetse nubutaka butavuwe neza, kandi umwanya hamwe nu mwanya w’ibiti by’imiyoboro ntibikwiye, ndetse no mu matafari yumye.Ingaruka: Umuyoboro wangiritse mugikorwa cyo gusubira inyuma kubera inkunga idahwitse, bikavamo kongera gukora no gusana.Ingamba: Umuyoboro ntushobora gushyingurwa mu butaka bwakonje cyangwa mu butaka butavuwe neza, intera y’ibiti igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa mu iyubakwa, kandi icyuma gishyigikira kigomba kuba gikomeye, cyane cyane ku muyoboro w’imiyoboro, kandi ntikigomba gukomera.Amatafari yamatafari agomba kubakwa na sima ya sima kugirango habeho ubunyangamugayo no gushikama.Taboo 9 Ibikoresho byo kwaguka kugirango bikosorwe imiyoboro iringaniye, aperture yo gushiraho Bolt yo kwaguka ni nini cyane, cyangwa igitereko cyo kwaguka gishyirwa kurukuta rwamatafari cyangwa nurukuta rworoshye.Ingaruka: imiyoboro y'umuyoboro irekuye, kandi umuyoboro urahinduka cyangwa ugwa.Ingamba: ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa bigomba gutoranywa kugirango byiyongere, kandi nibiba ngombwa, bigomba gufatwa kugirango bigenzurwe.Umwobo wa diameter yo gushiraho kwaguka ntushobora kurenza 2mm, kandi kwaguka bigomba gukoreshwa muburyo bwa beto.Taboo 10 Flange na gasketi yo guhuza imiyoboro ntabwo bikomeye bihagije, kandi ibihuza bihuza ni bigufi cyangwa binini bya diameter.Ibikoresho bya reberi bikoreshwa mu gushyushya imiyoboro, pisine ya asibesitosi ikoreshwa mu miyoboro y'amazi akonje, kandi hakoreshwa amakariso abiri cyangwa amakariso yegeranye, hanyuma flange ikinjira mu miyoboro.Ingaruka: ingingo ya flange ntabwo ifatanye, cyangwa niyo yangiritse, bikavamo kumeneka.Igikoresho cya flange gisohoka mu muyoboro, bizamura amazi.Ingamba: Flange na gasketi kumuyoboro bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa byumuvuduko wakazi.Igikoresho cya flange cyo gushyushya no gutanga amazi ashyushye kigomba kuba reberi ya asibesitosi;Igikoresho cya reberi kigomba gukoreshwa mugikoresho cya flange cyo gutanga amazi nuyoboro wamazi.Igikoresho cya flange ntigishobora gusohoka mu muyoboro, kandi umuzenguruko wacyo ugomba kugera ku mwobo wa flange.Amabati ya bevel cyangwa gasketi nyinshi ntibishobora gushyirwa hagati ya flange.Diameter ya bolt ihuza flange igomba kuba munsi ya 2mm, kandi uburebure bwinkoni ya bolt isohoka mumitobe igomba kuba 1/2 cyubunini bwimbuto.Taboo 11 Uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho Valve nibeshya.Kurugero, amazi (amashyanyarazi) icyerekezo cyoguhagarika guhagarara cyangwa kugenzura valve bihabanye nikimenyetso, uruti rwa valve rwashyizwe hepfo, igenzura rya valve ryashyizwe mu buryo butambitse ryashyizwe mu buryo buhagaritse, ikiganza cyafunguye-amarembo ya valve cyangwa ikinyugunyugu gifite nta mwanya wo gufungura no gufunga, kandi uruti rwa valve rwihishe ntirureba umuryango wubugenzuzi.Ingaruka: Kunanirwa na Valve, guhinduranya ibintu biragoye, kandi valve igana hepfo akenshi itera amazi kumeneka.Ingero: Shyiramo valve ukurikije amabwiriza yo kwishyiriraho.Gufungura-stem amarembo ya valves agomba kuba afite uburebure buhagije bwo kwagura valve stem.Ibinyugunyugu bigomba gutekereza neza kuzenguruka umwanya wikiganza, kandi ubwoko bwose bwibiti bya valve ntibigomba kuba munsi yumwanya utambitse, kereka hasi.Umuyoboro uhishe ntugomba kuba ufite umuryango wubugenzuzi gusa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo byo gufungura no gufunga, ariko kandi uruti rwa valve rugomba guhangana numuryango wubugenzuzi.
Taboo 12 Ibisobanuro na moderi za valve zashyizweho ntabwo zujuje ibisabwa.Kurugero, igitutu cyizina cya valve kiri munsi yikigereranyo cya sisitemu;Iyo diameter yumuyoboro wamazi utanga amazi ari munsi cyangwa ingana na 50mm, ikoreshwa rya valve;Imiyoboro yumye kandi ihagaritse yo gushyushya amazi ashyushye ifata ibyuma bihagarara;Umuyoboro wokunywa pompe yumuriro ufata ikinyugunyugu.Ingaruka: bizagira ingaruka kumugaragaro no gufunga valve no guhindura imikorere nkurwanya nigitutu.Ndetse utume valve yangirika kandi ihatirwa gusanwa mugihe cya sisitemu.Ingero: Menya neza uburyo bwo gukoresha ibipimo bitandukanye, hanyuma uhitemo ibisobanuro na moderi ya valve ukurikije ibisabwa.Umuvuduko wizina wa valve ugomba kuba wujuje ibisabwa byumuvuduko wikizamini.Ukurikije ibisabwa mubisobanuro byubwubatsi: diametre yumuyoboro wamashami utanga amazi ari munsi cyangwa angana na 50mm, kandi hagomba gufatwa valve ihagarara;Iyo umuyoboro wa diameter urenze 50mm, hagomba kwinjizwa valve.Irembo ry'irembo rigomba gukoreshwa mu cyuma cyumye kandi gihagaritse cyo gushyushya amazi ashyushye, kandi ikinyugunyugu ntigikwiye gukoreshwa mu miyoboro ya pompe yumuriro.
Taboo 13 Kunanirwa gukora ubugenzuzi bukenewe mbere yo gushiraho valve.Ingaruka: Guhindura valve ntabwo byoroshye mugihe cyimikorere ya sisitemu, kandi na valve ntabwo ifunze neza, bikavamo ikibazo cyo kumeneka kwamazi (parike), bikavamo kongera gukora no gusana, ndetse bikagira ingaruka kumazi asanzwe (parike).Ingero: Mbere yo gushiraho valve, imbaraga zumuvuduko hamwe nikizamini cyo kumeneka bigomba gukorwa.Ikizamini kizakorwa hifashishijwe icyitegererezo cya 10% ya buri cyiciro (ikirango kimwe, ibisobanuro bimwe na moderi imwe) kandi bitari munsi yimwe.Kubifunga-byumuzunguruko washyizwe kumuyoboro munini kugirango ucike, imbaraga nigeragezwa bigomba gukorwa umwe umwe.Imbaraga za valve nigitutu cyikizamini kigomba gukurikiza amategeko agenga ireme ryubwubatsi bwogutanga amazi nogutwara amazi nubushyuhe (GB 50242-2002).Taboo 14 Ibikoresho byingenzi, ibikoresho nibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mubwubatsi ni buke bwinyandiko zipima ubuziranenge bwa tekiniki cyangwa ibyemezo byibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwigihugu cyangwa minisitiri.Ingaruka: ubuziranenge bwumushinga ntibujuje ibyangombwa, kandi hari ingaruka zihishe zimpanuka, ntabwo rero zishobora gutangwa kuri gahunda kandi zigomba kongera gukorwa no gusanwa;Gutinda igihe cyubwubatsi no kongera imirimo nibikoresho byinjira.Ingamba: ibikoresho by'ibanze, ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu gutanga amazi no kuhira amazi no gushyushya no gukora isuku bigomba kugira ibyangombwa byo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwa tekiniki cyangwa ibyemezo by'ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge butangwa na Leta cyangwa Minisiteri;Izina ryibicuruzwa, icyitegererezo, ibisobanuro, code yubuziranenge bwigihugu, itariki yuruganda, izina ryuwabikoze n’ahantu, hamwe nicyemezo cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byuruganda cyangwa code.
Ibikurikira nibindi bicuruzwa byikigo cyacu
