Kuki wubaka ikigega kinini cyane cyo kubika gaze?
Ntabwo hashize igihe kinini, mu Bushinwa hubatswe super gasholders eshatu nini cyane ku isi, kandi ububiko bwazo bwageze kuri metero kibe 270.000 kuri tank.Batatu bakora icyarimwe barashobora guha abantu miliyoni 60 gaze mumezi abiri.Kuki tugomba kubaka ikigega kinini cyo kubika gaze?Icyerekezo gishya cyingufu za gaze ya gaze
Nkigihugu kinini gikoresha ingufu, Ubushinwa buri gihe bwashingiye cyane cyane kumakara nkisoko nyamukuru yingufu.Icyakora, hamwe no kuvuguruzanya kugaragara hagati y’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’umwanda w’ibidukikije, ihumana ry’ikirere n’ibindi byangiza ibidukikije biterwa no gukoresha amakara bigenda birushaho gukomera, kandi imiterere y’ingufu ikeneye byihutirwa guhinduka karuboni nkeya, itangiza ibidukikije kandi ifite isuku.Gazi isanzwe ni isoko ya karubone nkeya kandi isukuye, ariko biragoye kubika no kuyitwara, kandi ikoreshwa kenshi na gaze nkuko yacukuwe.
Nyuma yuruhererekane rwubushyuhe bukabije bwa gazi karemano, hashyizweho gaze karemano (LNG).Ibyingenzi byingenzi ni metani.Nyuma yo gutwika, ihumanya ikirere gake cyane kandi itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi.Kubwibyo, LNG ni isoko yingufu ziteye imbere kandi izwi nkisoko yingufu zisukuye kwisi.Gazi isanzwe (LNG) ni icyatsi, isukuye, umutekano kandi neza, kandi byoroshye kubika no gutwara.Ikoreshwa cyane kuruta gaze karemano, kandi ibihugu bifite ibidukikije byateye imbere ku isi biteza imbere ikoreshwa rya LNG.
Muri icyo gihe, ingano ya gaze ya gaze isanzwe igera kuri kimwe cya gatandatu cya gaze, bivuze ko kubika metero kibe 1 ya gaze gasanzwe ihwanye no kubika metero kibe 600 za gaze gasanzwe, bifite akamaro kanini mu kubyemeza igihugu gitanga gaze gasanzwe.
Mu 2021, Ubushinwa bwatumije toni miliyoni 81.4 za LNG, bukaba aribwo bwinjiza LNG nini ku isi.Nigute tuzabika LNG cyane?
Nigute wabika gaze gasanzwe
Gazi isanzwe ikenera kubikwa kuri -162 ℃ cyangwa munsi.Niba ubushyuhe bw’ibidukikije bwinjiye, ubushyuhe bwa gaze karemano izamuka, bigatera ibyangiritse ku miyoboro, imiyoboro ndetse n’ibigega.Kugirango umenye neza ububiko bwa LNG, ikigega cyo kubika kigomba guhora gikonje nka firigo nini.
Kuki kubaka ikigega kinini cyane?Impamvu nyamukuru yo guhitamo kubaka ikigega cya metero kare 270.000-nini cyane yo kubika gaze ni uko ubwikorezi bunini bwa LNG bugenda mu nyanja bufite ubushobozi bwa metero kare 275.000.Niba ubwato bwa LNG bwajyanywe ku cyambu, burashobora kwinjizwa mu kigega kibitse gaze cyane kugira ngo kibike.Hejuru, hagati na hepfo ya tank ya super gaz yabitswe neza.Ipamba ikonje ifite uburebure bwa metero 1,2 hejuru hejuru itandukanya umwuka uri muri tank hamwe nigisenge kugirango ugabanye convection;Hagati yikigega kimeze nkigikoni cyumuceri, cyuzuyemo ibikoresho bifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro nuburyo bwiza bwo kubika ubushyuhe;Hasi yikigega ikoresha ibice bitanu byubushakashatsi bushya bwumuriro-amatafari yikirahure kugirango ubone ingaruka zo gukonjesha munsi yikigega.Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu yo gupima ubushyuhe yashyizweho kugirango itange impuruza mugihe niba hari imvura ikonje.Kurinda impande zose bikemura ikibazo cyo kubika gaze gasanzwe.
Biragoye cyane gushushanya no kubaka ikigega kinini cyo kubika muburyo bwose, muribwo ibikorwa bya dome yububiko bwa LNG aribintu bigoye cyane, bigoye kandi bishobora guteza akaga mugushiraho no kubaka.Kuri dome nini "nini ya MAC", abashakashatsi bashyize ahagaragara tekinoroji yo gukora "guterura gaze".Kuzamura ikirere "ni ubwoko bushya bw'ikoranabuhanga ryo guterura, rikoresha metero kibe 500.000 z'umwuka uhuhwa n'umufana kugira ngo azamure buhoro buhoro umubumbe w'ikigega cya gaze kugeza aho wagenwe hejuru."Iringana no kuzuza imipira yumupira miriyoni 700 mubigega byo kubika ikirere.Kugirango utere iyi behemoth ku burebure bwa metero 60, abubatsi bashyizeho ibyuma bine 110 kWt nka sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.Iyo dome yazamutse ikagera kumwanya wateganijwe, igomba gusudwa hejuru yurukuta rwa tank kugirango habeho gukomeza umuvuduko muri tank, hanyuma kuzamura igisenge birarangiye.