Moteri yamenetse vuba, kandi inverter ikora nka dayimoni?Soma ibanga hagati ya moteri na inverter mu ngingo imwe!
Abantu benshi bavumbuye ibintu byangirika kuri moteri.Kurugero, mu ruganda rwa pompe yamazi, mumyaka ibiri ishize, abayikoresha bakunze kuvuga ko pompe yamazi yangiritse mugihe cya garanti.Kera, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bya pompe byari byizewe cyane.Nyuma yiperereza, byagaragaye ko pompe zamazi zangiritse zose zayobowe nabahindura imirongo.
Kugaragara kwihinduranya ryazanye udushya muburyo bwo kugenzura inganda no kuzigama ingufu za moteri.Umusaruro winganda ntushobora gutandukana nabahindura imirongo.No mubuzima bwa buri munsi, inzitizi hamwe na kondereseri zahinduye ibintu byabaye ingenzi.Guhindura inshuro byatangiye kwinjira mubice byose byumusaruro nubuzima.Nyamara, guhinduranya inshuro nabyo bizana ibibazo byinshi bitigeze bibaho, muribyo kwangiza moteri nikimwe mubintu bisanzwe.
Abantu benshi bavumbuye ibintu byangirika kuri moteri.Kurugero, mu ruganda rwa pompe yamazi, mumyaka ibiri ishize, abayikoresha bakunze kuvuga ko pompe yamazi yangiritse mugihe cya garanti.Kera, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bya pompe byari byizewe cyane.Nyuma yiperereza, byagaragaye ko pompe zamazi zangiritse zose zayobowe nabahindura imirongo.
Nubwo ibintu byahinduye inshuro byangiza moteri byakuruye abantu benshi, abantu ntibaramenya uburyo bwibi bintu, tutibagiwe nuburyo bwo kubikumira.Intego yiyi ngingo ni ugukemura urujijo.
Inverter yangiza moteri
Kwangirika kwa inverter kuri moteri bikubiyemo ibintu bibiri, kwangirika kwa stator no kwangirika kwizana, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1. Ubwoko bwangirika muri rusange bubaho mubyumweru bike kugeza kumezi icumi, kandi igihe cyihariye giterwa ku kirango cya inverter, ikirango cya moteri, imbaraga za moteri, inshuro zitwara za inverter, uburebure bwa kabili hagati ya inverter na moteri, hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije.Ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano.Kwangirika kwimpanuka kare ya moteri bizana igihombo kinini mubukungu mubikorwa byumushinga.Ubwoko bw'igihombo ntabwo ari ikiguzi cyo gusana moteri no kuyisimbuza gusa, ariko cyane cyane, igihombo cyubukungu cyatewe no guhagarika umusaruro utunguranye.Kubwibyo, mugihe ukoresheje moteri ihinduranya kugirango utware moteri, hagomba kwitabwaho bihagije ikibazo cyangiritse.
Inverter yangiza moteri
Itandukaniro riri hagati yimodoka ya inverter na disiki yinganda
Kugirango usobanukirwe nuburyo impanvu moteri yumuriro ishobora kwangirika bitewe nubushakashatsi bwa inverter, banza wumve itandukaniro riri hagati ya voltage ya moteri itwara inverter na voltage yumuriro.Noneho wige uburyo iri tandukaniro rishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kuri moteri.
Imiterere shingiro yumurongo uhinduranya irerekanwa mumashusho 2, harimo ibice bibiri, umuzenguruko wikosora hamwe nu muzunguruko.Inzira ikosora ni umuyagankuba wa DC usohoka ugizwe na diode isanzwe hamwe na capacitori ya filteri, kandi inverter umuzenguruko uhindura imbaraga za DC mubugari bwa pulse ubugari bwahinduwe na voltage waveform (PWM voltage).Kubwibyo, imbaraga za voltage ya moteri ya inverter-itwarwa na moteri ni impiswi ya pulse ifite ubugari butandukanye, aho kuba sine wave voltage.Gutwara moteri hamwe na pulse voltage niyo ntandaro yo kwangirika kwa moteri.
Uburyo bwa Inverter yangiza moteri ya Stator Winding
Iyo impanuka ya pulse yoherejwe kuri kabel, niba impedance ya kabili idahuye nimbogamizi yumutwaro, kugaragarira bizabera kumpera yumutwaro.Igisubizo cyo gutekereza ni uko ibyabaye byabaye hamwe nu muhengeri wagaragajwe hejuru kugirango habeho imbaraga nyinshi.Amplitude yayo irashobora kugera kuri kabiri voltage ya bisi ya DC hafi ya yose, ikubye inshuro eshatu imbaraga zinjiza za inverter, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3. Umuvuduko ukabije w’impinga wongewe kuri coil ya stator ya moteri, bigatera ihungabana rya voltage kuri coil , hamwe no guhungabana kenshi bizatera moteri kunanirwa imburagihe.
Nyuma ya moteri itwarwa numuyoboro uhinduranya byatewe na voltage yumuriro, ubuzima nyabwo bufitanye isano nibintu byinshi, harimo ubushyuhe, umwanda, vibrasiya, voltage, inshuro zitwara, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika ibicuruzwa.
Iyo urwego rwikwirakwiza rwinshi rwa inverter, niko bigenda byegereza ibyasohotse byumuvuduko ni hafi ya sine, bizagabanya ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya moteri kandi byongere ubuzima bwokwirinda.Nyamara, inshuro nyinshi zitwara abantu bivuze ko umubare wamashanyarazi ya spike yakozwe kumasegonda ari menshi, kandi umubare wibitero kuri moteri ni mwinshi.Igishushanyo cya 4 cyerekana ubuzima bwimikorere nkigikorwa cyuburebure bwa kabili hamwe ninshuro zitwara.Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo ko kuri kabili ya metero 200, mugihe inshuro yabatwara yongerewe kuva kuri 3kHz ikagera kuri 12kHz (impinduka inshuro 4), ubuzima bwubwishingizi bugabanuka kuva kumasaha 80.000 kugeza kumasaha 20.000 (itandukaniro rya Inshuro 4).
Ingaruka yumurongo wabatwara inshuro nyinshi
Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya moteri, niko bigufi ubuzima bwokwirinda, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5, iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse bugera kuri 75 ° C, ubuzima bwa moteri ni 50% gusa.Kuri moteri itwarwa na inverter, kubera ko voltage ya PWM irimo ibice byinshi byumuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzaba hejuru cyane kuruta ubw'umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Uburyo bwa Inverter yangiza gutwara moteri
Impamvu ihinduranya inshuro yangiza moteri ni uko hari umuyoboro unyura mu cyuma, kandi uyu muyoboro uri mumwanya uhuza.Ihuriro ryigihe gito rizabyara arc, kandi arc izatwika ibyuma.
Hariho impamvu zibiri zingenzi zituma ikigezweho gitemba muri moteri ya AC.Ubwa mbere, voltage yatewe no kutaringaniza imbere yumuriro wa electromagnetic, naho icya kabiri, inzira yumuvuduko mwinshi uterwa nubushobozi buke.
Umwanya wa rukuruzi imbere ya moteri nziza ya AC induction irasa.Iyo imiyoboro yicyiciro cya gatatu ihindagurika ingana kandi ibyiciro bitandukanye na 120 °, nta voltage izaterwa kumutwe wa moteri.Iyo amashanyarazi ya PWM yakozwe na inverter atera umurima wa magneti imbere ya moteri udahwitse, voltage izaterwa kumutwe.Umuvuduko wa voltage ni 10 ~ 30V, ujyanye na voltage yo gutwara.Iyo hejuru ya voltage yo gutwara, niko voltage iri hejuru.muremure.Iyo agaciro k'iyi voltage karenze imbaraga za dielectric yamavuta yo gusiga amavuta, inzira igezweho.Igihe kimwe mugihe cyo kuzengurutsa igiti, kubika amavuta yo gusiga byongera guhagarika umuyaga.Iyi nzira isa na on-off yuburyo bwo guhinduranya imashini.Muri ubu buryo, hazakorwa arc, izagabanya ubuso bwikibaho, umupira, nigikombe cya shitingi, ikora ibyobo.Niba nta kunyeganyega hanze, dimples nto ntizigira ingaruka nyinshi, ariko niba hari ihindagurika ryo hanze, hazakorwa ibinono, bigira uruhare runini mumikorere ya moteri.
Mubyongeyeho, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko voltage kuri shaft nayo ifitanye isano numurongo wibanze wa voltage isohoka ya inverter.Hasi yumurongo wibanze, niko voltage iri hejuru yumutwe kandi niko byangirika cyane.
Mugihe cyambere cyo gukora moteri, mugihe ubushyuhe bwamavuta bwamavuta buri hasi, intera iriho ni 5-200mA, umuyoboro muto ntushobora kwangiza ibyangiritse.Ariko, mugihe moteri ikora mugihe runaka, nkuko ubushyuhe bwamavuta yo gusiga bwiyongera, umuyonga wimpanuka uzagera kuri 5-10A, bizatera flashover kandi bibe ibyobo bito hejuru yibice bitwara.
Kurinda moteri ya moteri
Iyo uburebure bwa kabili burengeje metero 30, abahindura imirongo ya kijyambere byanze bikunze bazana ingufu za voltage kumpera ya moteri, bigabanya ubuzima bwa moteri.Hano hari ibitekerezo bibiri byo gukumira ibyangiritse kuri moteri.Imwe muriyo ni ugukoresha moteri ifite imbaraga zo guhindagurika hamwe nimbaraga za dielectric (muri rusange bita moteri ihindagurika ya moteri), naho ubundi ni ugufata ingamba zo kugabanya ingufu zumuriro.Igipimo cyambere kibereye imishinga mishya yubatswe, kandi igipimo cya nyuma kirakwiriye guhindura moteri zihari.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bukoreshwa mu kurinda moteri ni ubu bukurikira:
1) Shyiramo reaction kumasoko arangije guhinduranya inshuro: Iki gipimo nicyo gikoreshwa cyane, ariko twakagombye kumenya ko ubu buryo bugira ingaruka runaka kumigozi migufi (munsi ya metero 30), ariko rimwe na rimwe ingaruka ntabwo ari nziza , nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6 (c) cyerekanwe.
2) Shyiramo akayunguruzo ka dv / dt kumusozo wanyuma wumuhinduzi wa frequency: Iki gipimo kirakwiriye mugihe aho insinga ya kabili iri munsi ya metero 300, kandi igiciro kiri hejuru gato ugereranije na reaction, ariko ingaruka zabaye byateye imbere cyane, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6 (d).
3) Shyiramo sine wave filter mugusohoka kwa frequency frequency: iki gipimo nicyiza cyane.Kuberako hano, voltage ya PWM ihindurwa mumashanyarazi ya sine, moteri ikora mubihe bimwe na voltage yumuriro wa voltage, kandi ikibazo cya voltage ya pex cyarakemutse burundu (niyo kabili yaba ingana gute, hazabaho nta voltage yo hejuru).
4) Shyiramo icyuma gikurura amashanyarazi kuri interineti hagati ya kabili na moteri: ibibi byingamba zabanjirije iyi ni uko iyo imbaraga za moteri ari nini, reaction cyangwa filteri ifite ubunini nuburemere, kandi igiciro ugereranije muremure.Mubyongeyeho, reaktor Byombi muyungurura no kuyungurura bizatera igabanuka rya voltage runaka, bizagira ingaruka kumasoko ya moteri.Gukoresha inverter peak voltage absorber irashobora gutsinda izo nenge.Imashini ya SVA spike voltage yatejwe imbere na 706 yikigo cya kabiri cyubumenyi bwinganda n’inganda ya kabiri ikoresha tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki y’ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ubwenge, kandi ni igikoresho cyiza cyo gukemura ibyangiritse.Byongeye kandi, imashini ya SVA spike irinda ibyuma bya moteri.
Spike voltage absorber ni ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byo kurinda moteri.Huza imbaraga zinjiza za moteri murwego rumwe.
1) Impanuka ya voltage yamashanyarazi imenya voltage amplitude kumurongo wamashanyarazi mugihe nyacyo;
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3) Iyo ingufu za voltage yumubyimba zuzuye zuzuye za buffer zingufu, hafungurwa valve igenzura imbaraga zo gukuramo imbaraga, kugirango ingufu zimpanuka muri buffer zisohoka mumashanyarazi, kandi ingufu zamashanyarazi zihinduka ubushyuhe ingufu;
4) Ubushyuhe bukurikirana ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, igenzura ryingufu zo gukuramo imbaraga zifunga neza kugirango zigabanye kwinjiza ingufu (hashingiwe ku kwemeza ko moteri irinzwe), kugirango wirinde ko amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane kandi atangiza ibyangiritse.ibyangiritse;
5) Igikorwa cyumuzunguruko wikizunguruka ni ukunyunyuza imashanyarazi no kurinda moteri.
Ugereranije na du / dt muyunguruzi yavuzwe haruguru, sine wave filter hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kurinda moteri, imashini ikurura impinga ifite ibyiza byinshi byubunini buto, igiciro gito, no kwishyiriraho byoroshye (kwishyiriraho parallel).Cyane cyane kubijyanye nimbaraga nyinshi, ibyiza byo kwinjiza impinga mubijyanye nigiciro, ingano, nuburemere biragaragara cyane.Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko yashizwemo muburyo bubangikanye, ntihazabaho kugabanuka kwa voltage, kandi hazabaho kugabanuka kumashanyarazi kuri du / dt muyunguruzi hamwe na sine ya filteri ya sine, kandi igitonyanga cyumuvuduko wa sine wungurura hafi ya 10 %, bizatera torque ya moteri igabanuka.
Inshingano: Iyi ngingo yakuwe kuri enterineti.Ibiri mu ngingo ni ibyo kwiga no gutumanaho gusa.Umuyoboro wo guhumeka ikirere ukomeje kutabogama kubitekerezo biri mu ngingo.Uburenganzira bwingingo ni ubwumwanditsi wambere hamwe nurubuga.Niba hari ihohoterwa, nyamuneka hamagara kugirango usibe